BibleProject Guide
The Beatitudes
About
Two thousand years ago, on the eastern side of the Mediterranean, a teacher named Jesus of Nazareth climbed a hillside and started teaching people about the Kingdom of the skies—the renewed world God had long promised. For largely poor, oppressed Galilean farmers and laborers, this was good news.
In this guide, you can learn all about the sermon’s introductory section and explore related videos, podcast episodes, and more.
Jesus Introduces the Kingdom of the Skies
The crowd listening to Jesus had been suffering under the Roman Empire’s greed and violence for many years. And they were longing for a new kind of empire, God’s heavenly Kingdom in the skies, to become real on Earth. And though this crowd was made up of those societies deemed unimportant, Jesus said that his Kingdom would begin with them and their willingness to choose love. He began his Sermon on the Mount with these words:
Jesus uses the phrase “Kingdom of the skies” to talk about a new kind of reality. We live in a world of violence and corruption—a world where might makes right. But for Jesus, there is a realm where generosity reigns, where there’s justice and peace, and where love is the final word.
And that world might as well be up in the skies. It’s beyond us. God’s heavenly reality can seem far off. But Jesus claimed that Heaven was coming to Earth here and now, beginning with these people.
- Human affection and action in the Kingdom of God
- The humble, generous, and non-violent character of Kingdom people
- The cost and reward of following Jesus
Grieving and Unimportant People Know the Good Life
Next, Jesus says to the crowd:
This group is at the bottom of society, and they know all about loss and grief. But Jesus said this coming reality would turn sorrow into joy.
These people are not powerful or important, at least from the world’s perspective. But despite this, Jesus tells them that one day, they will be ruling the world. This kind of language almost sounds like Jesus is trying to start a revolution. And that’s because he is. But it’s a Jesus-style revolution—not a violent grab for power and influence but a new way of life ushered in by people who serve, forgive, and love others because they long for right relationships.
The Merciful and Pure in Heart Peacemakers
Jesus continues to describe these Kingdom people when he says:
Just imagine it: a group of powerless people at the margins of society, ruling the world through generosity, forgiveness, and justice. This is what a Jesus-style revolution looks like. The next thing Jesus says is:
Doing good without mixed motives can feel impossible. Even our best choices can come from poor motivations. But Jesus says that the good, blessed life belongs to those who love with pure intentions, as God does. This is at the heart of experiencing God’s blessing and true peace.
When we are compelled to love because of love itself rather than personal gain, we can experience the blessing of good life. This is a radical calling already, and Jesus makes it more radical by what he says next.
God’s new reality requires people who are willing to stop fighting with their enemies and start seeking good in the world. Kingdom people are those willing to help resolve conflict with love and patience and urge those around them to create a way toward peace.
Persecuted Peacemakers Like Israel's Prophets
Jesus acknowledges that life as a peacemaker can be dangerous when he says:
Entering into conflicts and advocating for peace is not a comfortable way to live. And Jesus names the high cost of joining this peace-making revolution.
What does Jesus mean by “the prophets before you”? He and most of his audience are Israelites who know the Hebrew Scriptures well. And in the Scriptures, God promised that his Kingdom would be restored over all the world through Israel. With this comparison, Jesus is telling his audience that they will suffer a fate similar to the Hebrew prophets—abused, rejected, and often killed.
As the story goes on, Israel becomes as corrupt and violent as everyone else, and they end up enslaved to oppressive nations. But Israel’s prophets stood up to these kingdoms and criticized their corruption, even calling out their own wayward leaders. The prophets said that one day, God’s heavenly Kingdom would break in, starting with a small group of faithful Israelites willing to surrender the desire to destroy their enemies and embrace love instead. These people would turn to God and trust that his way of life is truly good.
In the Beatitudes, Jesus invites the crowd to follow in the way of these prophets by embracing truth and love for others in the patient, bold, and good ways of God.
The Salt, Light, and City
Jesus concludes the Beatitudes with three images from Israel’s Scriptures. The first is:
Salt is a mineral that preserves food for a long time. And in the Bible, salt is a symbol of God’s long-lasting covenant with Israel.
Jesus is saying that he and this ragtag group will become the launch party of God’s long-lasting, ancient promises to renew the world. And then he says:
Here, Jesus is referring to the biblical image of God’s light, his presence shining out from its dwelling place in the temple in Jerusalem, which was a city on a hill. But Jesus’ audience aren’t rulers or people with power, and they’re a long way from Jerusalem. But Jesus says that despite this, they are God’s salt and light and city. They are the blessed ones, the new Jerusalem that’s going to display God’s Kingdom to all the world.
Videos
Watch our second Sermon on the Mount video and its related visual commentaries.
Listen to these episodes on the Beatitudes from our Sermon on the Mount podcast series.
More Resources
Find BibleProject articles as well as books recommended by our scholar team.